![]() ![]() The use of ifstreams ( and ofstreams ) requires the inclusion of the fstream header:.In particular, cin is an example of an istream, so anything that you can do with cin you can also do with any ifstream.Because an ifstream IS an istream, anything you can do to an istream you can also do the same way to an ifstream.a stream of data used for reading input from a file. An ifstream is an input file stream, i.e.What this means is that an ifstream IS an istream, and includes all the properties of the istream class, plus some additional properties of its own. The descendant classes then add on additional properties, making them specializations of their parent class.Įxample, in the diagram below of ( a portion of ) the stream class hierarchy, we see that ifstream is a specialization of istream. C++ ) makes heavy use of a concept called inheritance, in which some classes inherit the properties of previously written classes. It is a special kind of ostream that writes data out to a data file. It is a special kind of an istream that reads in data from a data file. cout and cerr are both examples of ostreams. ostream is a general purpose output stream. ![]() istream is a general purpose input stream.For this class we are currently interested in four different classes:.A C++ stream is a flow of data into or out of a program, such as the data written to cout or read from cin.cin and cout are special pre-specified objects with different classes as their data types. A C++ object is a specific variable having a class as its data type. A class is a data type, analogous to ints, floats, and doubles.In this course we will not be writing any C++ classes, but we will learn to use a few, such as stream classes. A C++ class is a collection of data and the methods necessary to control and maintain that data. ![]()
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